MySQL技巧及面试篇

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MySQL技巧篇

如何记录慢SQL

配置项：slow_query_log

可以使用show variables like ‘slov_query_log’查看是否开启，如果状态值为OFF，可以使用set GLOBAL slow_query_log = on来开启，它会在datadir下产生一个xxx-slow.log的文件。

设置临界时间

配置项：long_query_time

查看：show VARIABLES like 'long_query_time'，单位秒

设置：set long_query_time=0.5

实操时应该从长时间设置到短的时间，即将最慢的SQL优化掉

查看日志

一旦SQL超过了我们设置的临界时间就会被记录到xxx-slow.log中

压测工具mysqlslap

安装MySQL时附带了一个压力测试工具mysqlslap（位于bin目录下）

自动生成sql测试

C:\Users\zaw>mysqlslap --auto-generate-sql -uroot -proot
mysqlslap: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Benchmark
        Average number of seconds to run all queries: 1.219 seconds
        Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 1.219 seconds
        Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 1.219 seconds
        Number of clients running queries: 1
        Average number of queries per client: 0

并发测试

C:\Users\zaw>mysqlslap --auto-generate-sql --concurrency=100 -uroot -proot
mysqlslap: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Benchmark
        Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.578 seconds
        Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.578 seconds
        Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.578 seconds
        Number of clients running queries: 100
        Average number of queries per client: 0
        
C:\Users\zaw>mysqlslap --auto-generate-sql --concurrency=150 -uroot -proot
mysqlslap: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Benchmark
        Average number of seconds to run all queries: 5.718 seconds
        Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 5.718 seconds
        Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 5.718 seconds
        Number of clients running queries: 150
        Average number of queries per client: 0

多轮测试

C:\Users\zaw>mysqlslap --auto-generate-sql --concurrency=150 --iterations=10 -uroot -proot
mysqlslap: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Benchmark
        Average number of seconds to run all queries: 5.398 seconds
        Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 4.313 seconds
        Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 6.265 seconds
        Number of clients running queries: 150
        Average number of queries per client: 0

存储引擎测试

C:\Users\zaw>mysqlslap --auto-generate-sql --concurrency=150 --iterations=3 --engine=innodb -uroot -proot
mysqlslap: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Benchmark
        Running for engine innodb
        Average number of seconds to run all queries: 5.911 seconds
        Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 5.485 seconds
        Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 6.703 seconds
        Number of clients running queries: 150
        Average number of queries per client: 0

MySQL面试篇

Q1：如何快速导入大量数据

在恢复数据时，可能会导入大量的数据。此时为了快速导入，需要掌握一些技巧：

导入时先禁用索引和约束：

alter table table-name disable keys

待数据导入完成之后，再开启索引和约束，一次性创建索引

alter table table-name enable keys

数据库如果使用的引擎是Innodb，那么它默认会给每条写指令加上事务（这也会消耗一定的时间），因此建议先手动开启事务，再执行一定量的批量导入，最后手动提交事务。

如果批量导入的SQL指令格式相同只是数据不同，那么你应该先prepare预编译一下，这样也能节省很多重复编译的时间。